Ankle Phenomenon in the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum.docVIP

Journal of Modern Physics, 2013, 4, 385-389 /10.4236/jmp.2013.43054 Published Online March 2013 (/journal/jmp) Ankle Phenomenon in the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum Yukio Tomozawa Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Email: tomozawa@ Received November 26, 2012; revised January 10, 2013; accepted January 23, 2013 ABSTRACT The author has suggested that the knee phenomenon in the cosmic ray energy spectrum at 3 PeV can be explained as a split between a radiation-dominated expansion and a matter-dominated expansion of an expanding heat bath. The model proposed in 1985, in fact, predicted that high energy cosmic rays are emitted from AGN, massive black holes, in agreement with recent data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. Similarly, the ankle phenomenon at 3 EeV is shown to be explained by a split between inflational expansion and ordinary material expansion of the expanding heat bath, not unlike that in the expansion of the universe. All the spectral indicies in the respective regions of the energy spectra agree with the theoretical calculation from the respective expansion rates. It is shown that the ankle energy is approxi- mately equal to the threshold energy of cosmic ray production of an electron positron pair on the cmb photon. Keywords: Cosmic Rays; Cosmology; Knee Energy; Inflation 1. Introduction trum. This assumption is consistent with observational data for the nuclear components [3]. This article explains the ankle phenomenon from an inflational expansion, as a natural extension of the 1985 model. There has been observational characteristics of cosmic ray energy spectrum on the discontinuity [1] at 3 PeV and at 3 EeV. The former is called the knee energy and the latter is called the ankle energy from the similarrity to 2. The 1985 Model and Its Extension the shape of the body structure. The spectral index of the former sep