Antagonism of LIN-17Frizzled and LIN-18Ryk in Nematode Vulva Induction Reveals Evolutionary Alterations in Core Developmental Pathways.docVIP

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Antagonism of LIN-17Frizzled and LIN-18Ryk in Nematode Vulva Induction Reveals Evolutionary Alterations in Core Developmental Pathways.doc

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Antagonism of LIN-17Frizzled and LIN-18Ryk in Nematode Vulva Induction Reveals Evolutionary Alterations in Core Developmental Pathways

AntagonismofLIN-17/FrizzledandLIN-18/Rykin NematodeVulvaInductionRevealsEvolutionary AlterationsinCoreDevelopmentalPathways XiaoyueWang,RalfJ.Sommer* DepartmentforEvolutionaryBiology,Max-PlanckInstitutforDevelopmentalBiology,Tu¨bingen,Germany Abstract Mostdiversityinanimalsandplantsresultsfromthemodificationofalreadyexistingstructures.Manyorgansystems,for example, are permanently modified during evolution to create developmental and morphological diversity, but little is known about the evolution of the underlying developmental mechanisms. The theory of developmental systems drift proposes that the development of conserved morphological structures can involve large-scale modifications in their regulatory mechanisms. We test this hypothesis by comparing vulva induction in two genetically tractable nematodes, CaenorhabditiselegansandPristionchuspacificus.Previousworkindicatedthatthevulvaisinducedbyepidermalgrowth factor(EGF)/RASandWNTsignalinginCaenorhabditisandPristionchus,respectively.Here,weshowthattheevolutionof vulvainductioninvolvesmajormolecularalterationsandthatthisshiftofsignalingpathwaysinvolvesanovelwiringofWNT signalingandtheacquisitionofnoveldomainsinotherwiseconservedreceptorsinPristionchusvulvainduction.First,Ppa- LIN-17/Frizzled acts as an antagonist of WNT signaling and suppresses the ligand Ppa-EGL-20 by ligand sequestration. Second,Ppa-LIN-18/RyktransmitsWNTsignalingandrequiresinhibitorySH3domainbindingmotifs,unknownfromCel-LIN- 18/Ryk.Third,Ppa-LIN-18/RyksignalinginvolvesAxinandb-cateninandPpa-axl-1/AxinisepistatictoPpa-lin-18/Ryk.These resultsconfirmdevelopmentalsystemdriftasanimportanttheoryfortheevolutionoforgansystemsandtheyhighlightthe significanceofproteinmodularityinsignaltransductionandthedynamicsofsignalingnetworks. Citation: Wang X, Sommer RJ (2011) Antagonism of LIN-17/Frizzled and LIN-18/Ryk in Nematode Vulva Induction Reveals Evolutionary Alterations in Core DevelopmentalPathways.PLoSBiol9(7):e1001110.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001110 A