从句类型–名词性从句.pptVIP

从句的类型 与 分析 Ⅰ. 三大类从句 1.名词性从句 2.形容词性从句（定语从句） 3.副词性从句（状语从句） Ⅱ.名词性从句 1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句 Ⅰ名词性从句 名词从句，顾名思义，起着名词的作用，因此，在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、和同位语等成分。名词从句，按其不同的成分作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词可分为三类： ⑴连词that：没有词义，在句中不担任语义成分。 ⑵wh-疑问词，在句中担任一个语义成分。这些词包括who, whom, what, which, when, how和why. 它们通常称为关系代词和关系副词。Whether和if 也属于这一类，但它们在句中也不担任词义成分。 ⑶名词性关系词：这一类词没有疑问词义，它本身是先行词与另一个关系代词或关系副词的结合。这些词包括名词性关系代词、名词性关系副词。 名词性关系代词有： What = the things which/that Whatever= anything that Who= the person who Whoever= anyone who Whom= the person whom Which= the one that Whichever= anything that 名词性关系副词有： When = the time when Where =the place where How = the way that Why=the reason why 1.主语从句 主语从句 （subject clause）可以由连词 that, wh-疑问词或名词性关系词引导。 ⑴连词 that 引导 由连词that 引导的主语从句可以置于句首。但常见的形式是主语从句放在句末，作逻辑主语：句首用引导词it 作形式主语， 这样句子结构更为紧凑。 Examples: That all livings are composed of cells is known to all. It is believed that the formation of the sun, the planets and other stars began with the condensation of a gas cloud. It is remarkable that a table spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon. 用形式主语it 的主语从句常见结构有： It is a fact ( a good thing, good new, ect.) that… It is clear (necessary, important, possible, remarkable, etc.) that… It is well-known (reported, recorded, noted, estimated, ect.) that… It must be pointed out that… It has been found that… It turns out that… It has been proved that… It can be seen that… 此外，当全句是一般疑问句时，也多用it 做形式主语， 如： Is it possible that he will come today? ⑵. wh-疑问词引导 由wh-疑问词引导的名词从句既可以前置，又可以借助于先行词it 而后置。 Examples: How the prisoner escaped is a mystery. It depends on many factors whether infection occurs or not. It remains unknown who will come to the meeting. 由 whether 引导的名词从句既可位于句首，又可位于句后；而由if 引导的从句只能位于主句后。 Whether he will come is uncertain. / it is uncertain whether / if he will come. ⑶. 名词性关系词引导 由名词性关系词引导的主语从句一般位于句首， Examples; What is written in the book should be tested in practice. What i