Apple Economy of Village Zandra in Light of World System Theory.docVIP

Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2013, 3, 39-43 doi:10.4236/ojapps.2013.31006 Published Online March 2013 (http://www.S/journal/ojapps) Apple Economy of Village Zandra in Light of World System Theory Anwaar Mohyuddin 1* , Hafeez-Ur-Rehman Chaudhry 1 , Mamonah Ambreen 2 1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Education, AllamaIqbal Open Univetsity, Islamabad, Pakistan 2 Email: unwaar@ * Received November 28, 2012; revised December 29, 2012; accepted January 5, 2013 ABSTRACT This paper deals with research findings regarding horticulture, a major sources of income in the Village Zandra, District Ziarat in the province of Balochistan. Initially the natives were earning their livelihood through horticulture only. The main contribution was coming through apple production. The process of tree plantation and the people involved in hor- ticulture economy have been discussed in this article. During the last 3 decades few changes have been witnessed. Shift from subsistence to market economy has increased the lust for money due to which the natives have started opting for secondary sources of income. In horticulture they have started using technology, pesticides and chemical fertilizers to maximize their production and profit. They are also switching over to the cultivation of profitable types of apple. The impact of these changes has been analyzed in light of world system theory at micro level. The data presented in this paper have been collected by using qualitative anthropological research techniques. Keywords: Core; Periphery; Semi-Periphery; Capitalist Economies; Labour; Exploitation 1. Introduction is situated 108 km southeast of Quetta just 12 km short of Ziarat town. Qualitative anthropological research methods which include socio-economic survey, participant obser- vation, key informant interviews and in-depth interviews were used to collect empirical data. Stratified random sa