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Association of PER2 Genotype and Stressful Life Events with Alcohol Drinking in Young Adults.doc

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Association of PER2 Genotype and Stressful Life Events with Alcohol Drinking in Young Adults

AssociationofPER2GenotypeandStressfulLifeEvents withAlcoholDrinkinginYoungAdults DorotheaBlomeyer1,ArletteF.Buchmann1,JesusLascorz2,UlrichS.Zimmermann3,Gu¨nterEsser4, SylvaneDesrivieres5,MartinH.Schmidt1,TobiasBanaschewski1,GunterSchumann5,ManfredLaucht1,4* 1DepartmentofChildandAdolescentPsychiatryandPsychotherapy,CentralInstituteofMentalHealth,MedicalFacultyMannheim,UniversityofHeidelberg,Mannheim, Germany,2DivisionofMolecularGeneticEpidemiology,GermanCancerResearchCenter(DKFZ),Heidelberg,Germany,3DepartmentofPsychiatryandPsychotherapy, UniversityHospitalCarlGustavCarus,TechnicalUniversity,Dresden,Germany,4DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofPotsdam,Potsdam,Germany,5Social,Genetic DevelopmentalPsychiatryCentre(MRC),InstituteofPsychiatry,King’sCollege,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background: Clock genes govern circadian rhythms and shape the effect of alcohol use on the physiological system. Exposuretoseverenegativelifeeventsisrelatedtobothheavydrinkinganddisturbedcircadianrhythmicity.Theaimofthis studywas1)toextendpreviousfindingssuggestinganassociationofahaplotypetaggingsinglenucleotidepolymorphism of PER2 gene with drinking patterns, and 2) to examine a possible role for an interaction of this gene with life stress in hazardousdrinking. Methods:Datawerecollectedaspartofanepidemiologicalcohortstudyontheoutcomeofearlyriskfactorsfollowedsince birth. At age 19 years, 268 young adults (126 males, 142 females) were genotyped for PER2 rand were administereda45-dayalcoholtimelinefollow-backinterviewandtheAlcoholUseDisordersIdentificationTest(AUDIT).Life stresswasassessedasthenumberofseverenegativelifeeventsduringthepastfouryearsreportedinaquestionnaireand validatedbyinterview. Results:IndividualswiththeminorGalleleofrerefoundtobelessengagedinalcoholuse,drinkingatonly 72%ofthedayscomparedtohomozygotesforthemajorAallele.Moreover,amongregulardrinkers,agenexenvironment interactionemerged(p=.020).Whilenoeffectsofgenotypeappearedunderconditionsoflowstress