4.The_Present_Participle【现在分词】要点.pptVIP

现在分词的否定形式 现在分词的否定式 not + V-ing 完成时的否定式 not + having done Not knowing how to dye the silk red , he went to her for help. 由于不知道怎样把丝绸染成红色，他去向她求教。 Not having heard from her son for a long time , the mother worried a great deal. 由于很久没有收到儿子的来信，这位母亲很担心。 作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面； coming week下周 running water 自来水 sleeping child 酣睡的孩子 working people劳动人民 如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，它在作用上相当于一个定语从句。 The girl standing there(=who is standing there) is my sister. 站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。 现在分词作定语时，要注意分词所表示的动作发生的时间。 1）表示正在进行的动作（变为从句时需要用进行事态）。 Did you see the girl dancing(=who was dancing) with your brother? 2）表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在（当时）的状态（变为从句时多用一般时态）。 如：We lived in a room facing(=that faced) the south. The factory making(=that makes) these pens is a small one. 注意：有些特殊的固定词组，可以和主句的主语不是同一个。 broadly/generally/strictly speaking considering…( 考虑到）， judging (从…判断），supposing…（假定），taking everything into account(把一切都考虑在内） Strictly speaking , you ought to sign up for the course. Judging from past performances, he is not likely to do very well in his exams. 如果逻辑上不能做到一致，必须在分词引导的状语成分中带出分词自身的主语。这种结构就叫做独立主格结构。试比较： Walking in the street, I saw him.我在街上走路时，我看见了他 He walking in the street, I saw him. 他在街上走路时，我看见了他 He walking in the street（独立主格结构） 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用也是充当一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 1) 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 2） 表示条件 The condition permitting, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 3） 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 4） 表示伴随 He watched the scene, his mouth (being) wide open. 连词after, before , since 可以引导-ing分句 After opening the door, she went on to feed the chicken Since phoning you this morning, I have changed my plans. on 和in 可以作when 和while 解： On finding the front door open, I became suspicious. =when/at the moment when I found the front door open,… 如果分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在分词短语前加上when或while。 Be careful when crossing the street. 过街时小心。 When going to school, I met Mary. 上学时我遇见了玛丽。 While waiting for the train, I h