Chronology of Deep Nodes in the Neotropical Primate Phylogeny Insights from Mitochondrial Genomes.docVIP

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Chronology of Deep Nodes in the Neotropical Primate Phylogeny Insights from Mitochondrial Genomes.doc

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Chronology of Deep Nodes in the Neotropical Primate Phylogeny Insights from Mitochondrial Genomes

ChronologyofDeepNodesintheNeotropicalPrimate Phylogeny:InsightsfromMitochondrialGenomes CarlosG.Schrago1,AlbertN.Menezes2,MiguelA.M.Moreira2,AlcidesPissinatti3,HectorN.Seua′nez1,2* 1DepartamentodeGene′tica,UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil,2ProgramadeGene′tica, InstitutoNacionaldoCa?ncer,Riode Janeiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil,3CentrodePrimatologiadoRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil Abstract TheevolutionofNeotropicalPrimates(NP)ispermeatedbyfactorsassociatedwiththepatternofdiversificationandthe biogeography of the major lineages. These questions can be better understood by providing a robust estimate of the chronologicalscenarioofNPevolution,areasonwhymoleculardatingmethodshavebeenwidelyapplied.Oneaspectof especialinterestisthetimingofdiversificationofthemajorNPlineages(pitheciids,atelidsandcebids),whichmayhave resulted fromrapidepisodesofadaptive radiation,aquestionthat requiresNPdivergencetime estimateswithaccurate statistical certainty. In this study, we evaluated the primate timescale focused on the age of nodes of NP radiation. We investigated the performance of complete primate mitochondrial genomes as traditional molecular markers of primate evolution and further including original mitochondrial data from the endangered muriqui, Brachyteles arachnoides (Accession No. JX262672). Comparisons of the age estimates at NP nodes based on mitochondrial genomes with those obtainedfromanuclearsupermatrixshowedsimilardegreesofuncertainty.Furthermoleculardataandmoreinformative calibrationpriorsarerequiredforamorepreciseunderstandingoftheearlyNPdiversification. Citation:SchragoCG,MenezesAN,MoreiraMAM,PissinattiA,Seua′nez HN(2012)ChronologyofDeepNodesintheNeotropicalPrimatePhylogeny:Insights fromMitochondrialGenomes.PLoSONE7(12):e51699.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051699 Editor:WilliamJ.Murphy,TexasAMUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJuly12,2012;AcceptedNovember5,2012;PublishedDecember14,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Schrago etal. T