图谱解析 紫外光在谱.pptVIP

许多助色团通过增加共轭体系的范围促进红移 图. 2.14 新的分子轨道和? 体系与它的助色团相互作用的能量关系 未成键电子对将成为?分子轨道体系的一部分，通过一个额外的轨道增加了吸收的波长 B = -OH, -OR, -X, –NH2 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. CH3的红移 C-H的分子轨道同 ? 体系重叠。 增色效应 它的净效应是使?体系范围增大 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.7溶剂效应 影响紫外可见光吸收的波长 极性溶剂使得n??*向短波长移动 极性溶剂使得???* 向长波长移动 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 溶剂效应 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 对吸收带精细结构的影响 图2.7苯酚在乙醇和异辛烷中的紫外吸收光谱图 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.8 溶剂的选择 一个好的溶剂应该不吸收被测物所吸收的同一区域紫外射线。 通常不存在共轭体系的溶剂非常适合，尽管他们随最短 波长变化，在最短波长处仍保持对紫外光的全透射。 溶剂大多数情况下为水、95%乙醇和正己烷 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一些常见的紫外光谱溶剂 表2-1溶剂界限（最低限度的完全透射区） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.9二烯烃的伍德沃德-菲泽规则 能够很容易观察到Ψ2 ? Ψ3*跃迁 Ψ2 ? Ψ4*的跃迁不容易观察到 丁二烯更倾向于形成反式构相 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 环二烯烃的Woodward-Fieser规则 同环二烯烃（顺式构象） 强度较弱，? = 5,000-15,000，波长较长（273nm） 异环二烯（反式构象） 吸收较强，? = 12,000 – 28,000，波长较短（234nm） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 表2-6二烯烃的经验法则 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 反式构像: 214 nm 观测值: 217 nm 反式构象: 214 nm 烷基取代: 3 ? 5 = 15 229nm 观测值: 228 nm Evaluation only. C