燃料电池系统空气流量振荡分析与控制.pdfVIP

学兔兔 第44卷第12期 机 械 工 程 学 报 vol-44 No．12 2008年 12月 CHINESE JOURNAL 0F MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Dec． 2 0 0 8 DOI：10．3901，JME．2008．12．112 燃料电池系统空气流量振荡分析与控制木 谷 靖 卢兰光 徐梁飞 欧阳明高 (清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室 北京 100084) 摘要：针对低压燃料电池系统大负荷状态下存在的空气流量振荡问题展开研究。在分析原系统结构的基础上，采用半经验的 方法对鼓风机进行精确建模，进而建立整个空气系统的动态模型，该模型考虑鼓风机寄生功率对燃料电池系统功率的影响。 采用试验数据对模型进行验证，结果证明模型能精确地实现对空气系统的模拟与仿真。然后根据模型仿真以及控制系统稳定 性理论对空气流量振荡的原因进行分析，其中理论分析采用原系统的简化模型。分析结果表明，原系统中采用鼓风机电流作 为闭环反馈信号是空气流量振荡的根本原因。因此对空气流量的控制算法进行改进，打开电流环，并优化控制参数。试验结 果证明，改进后的控制算法能有效消除空气流量的振荡，控制效果良好。 关键词：燃料电池系统 空气系统 振荡 建模 控制 中图分类号：U469．7 Modeling and Control of Air System for Fuel Cell System GU Jing LU Languang XU Liangfei OUYANG Minggao (State Key Laboratory ofAutomotive Safety and Energy,Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084) Abstract：In order to deal with the problem of instability in the air mass flow control at high load，the air system of a low-pressure fuel cell system is studied in details．Based on the analysis of the system architecture，the dynamic model of the air system is developed，in which a semi—empirical model ofblower is built and the impact of parasitic power ofthe blower on the net power ofthe fuel cell system is taken into consideration．The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data．Then the reason for instability is studied by using both model simulation and theoretical analysis which employs the automatic control theory based on the linearized system mode1．The analysis result shows that the feedback loop of the blower current is the cause of instability．Furthermore，a new control algorithm is designed．The new control algorithm opens the current loop and adap