苯的同系物的化言讧性质.ppt

(1)甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯等简单的苯的同系物，在通常情况下，与苯相似，均为无色液体，有特殊气味，密度小于水，不溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，本身也是有机溶剂。 (2) 随碳原子数的增大，熔沸点、密度呈增大趋势。 (3)含一个侧链的相同碳原子数的同分异构体，侧链越长，熔沸点越高；含两个侧链（例：二甲苯）沸点按邻、间、对顺序降低。 4.苯的同系物的物理性质 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 邻二甲苯 间二甲苯 对二甲苯 沸点：144.40C 沸点：139.10C 沸点：138.40C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. CH3 | CH3 CH3 比较苯的性质，猜想甲苯及其苯的同系物的化学性质。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 5.苯的同系物的化学性质 (1)氧化反应 CnH2n-6+(3n-3)/2O2 nCO2+(n-3)H2O 点燃 a.燃烧，燃烧时发出明亮的带浓烟的火焰，其燃烧通式为： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. b.与酸性 KMnO 4 溶液 实验2-2 往等量苯、甲苯中各滴加等量酸性KMnO 4 溶液，用力振荡，观察现象。 实验现象： 苯不能使酸性KMnO 4 溶液褪色，甲苯使KMnO 4 溶液褪色。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 原理： KMnO4(H+) -CH 3 -COOH Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 烷基受苯环影响，变得活泼，易被氧化 甲烷不能使酸性KMnO 4溶液褪色，但是甲苯却可以使酸性 KMnO 4溶液褪色。思考：究竟是什么导致了酸性KMnO 4溶液的褪色？ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、烷基上与苯环直接相连的碳原子上必须连有氢原子才能被氧化 KMnO4 （H+） R R R-：烷基或H。 1、苯环对烷基的影响，使烷基比烷烃中烷基活泼。 2、无论R-的碳链有多长，烷基都被氧化成羧基。 4、此反应可以用来鉴别苯及其同系物。 注意： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. CH3 | —C—CH3 | CH3 CH3 | | CH2—R CH3 | CH3—CH— CH3 | —C—CH3 | CH3 HOOC | | COOH HOOC— KMnO4/H+ 试着写一下产物 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. FeCl 3 FeCl 3