翻译中的理解.doc

翻译中的理解 原文理解: 翻译的第一步是理解，理解要从建立语篇意识开始。所谓语篇意识，从翻译操作的层面上说，就是由宏观到微观地对语篇进行全面的分析和理解。宏观指与语篇有关的文化背景、语篇的整体结构、作者的意图；微观指句子结构分析、词义的确定、指代关系的识别等。 比较阅读: Unit One: Rules Every Achiever Knows [1]In October 1982, a 25-year-old woman finished the New York City Marathon. No big deal-until you learn that Linda Down has cerebral palsy and was the first woman ever to complete the 26.2-mile race on crutches. Down fell half a dozen times, but kept going until she crossed the finish line, 11 hours after she started. Her handicap limited her speed but not her determination.  [2]Henry W. Longfellow1 once wrote: Great is the art of beginning, but greater is the art of ending. How nice it would be if we all had a genie who could help us finish what we begin. Unfortunately, We dont. But what we do have is a dynamic called discipline2 ---which extracts a high price. Following one of Paderewskis performances, a fan said to him, Id give my life to play like that. The brilliant pianist replied, I did. [3]Accomplishment is often deceptive3 because we dont see the pain and perseverance that produced it. So we may credit the achiever with brains, brawn or lucky break, and let ourselves off the hook because we fall short in all three. Not that we could all be concert pianists just by exercising enough discipline. Rather, each of us has the makings of success in some endeavor, but we will achieve this only if we apply our wills and work at it.  [4]How can we acquire stick-to-itiveness? There is no simple, fast formula. But I have developed a way of thinking that has rescued my own vacillating will more than once. Here are the basic elements: [5] Wont power . This is as important as will power. The ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, Men must be decided on what they will not do, and then they are able to act with vigor in what they ought to do.4 [6]Discipline means choices. Every time you say yes to a goal or objective, you say no to many more. Every prize has its price. The prize is the y