日本照护休假制度.doc

日本照護休假制度 ──企業之措施 本文作者 林顯宗 政治大學社會系 專任教授 tel:(o)(02)2939-3091轉50844 M:0932230368 摘要 日本隨高齡者之長壽化與人數之增加，需要照護之老人亦隨著增加，而傳統上對於老人照護之責，理念上則以家人承擔為理想。不過日本社會在性別角色分工方式上，男性被強調以職場生活為重心，女性則以家事為重，在此情況下，高齡者之看護，自然委由女性負責。然而，日本社會隨經濟轉型，女性高學歷化與自立意識之提昇等因素，促使女性紛紛投入就業市場，此情況，使得原有的性別角色分工方式，必須有所調整，以減輕女性負擔，如此老人看護工作，有賴於外界支援之需求日增，其具體實踐則為照護休假制度之實施，本文針對日本照護休假制度成立之背景、始末，條文內容以及企業領域所實施之狀況，做一體系性的探討，並提出該制度所給予之啟示，於此，研究者相信，本文具有實務參考之價值。 關鍵字：日本 看護休假 企業 Abstract： The Leave-of-Absence System of Caretakers in Japan—A Case Study in Industry With the increasing numbers of the aged people in Japan, those elderly people who need caring services have increased. Ideally, the responsibility for taking care of the elderly rests squarely upon the shoulders of family members. In Japan, however, males are supposed to work outside of home, and females opposite. Under this circumstance, Japanese women are definitely responsible for caring for old people. Nevertheless, nowadays Japanese women are more and more visible in the workplace due to the factors of economic development, opportunities in higher education, increasing awareness of individual autonomy, and so on. In which case, it is necessary to adjust the relationships between gender role and distribution of labor in the Japanese society so that the burdens of Japanese women can be released. Consequently, the supportive institution from the outside to look after senior citizens is in great demand. To fulfill this demand rests on the leave- absence system for caregivers. This treatise systematically explores the establishment and regulations of the leave-of-absence system, as well as the practice of industries. The author will draw some lessons from this policy, and this research can offer practical guidance for those who are concerned with and engrossed in this policy. Keywords:Japan leave-of-absence system Enterprise 日本の介護休業制度 ──企業の場合 摘要 日本では高齢者の長じゅ化および人数の増加、介護必要の老人も増えてきた。そして日本社会では伝統的に老人介護の責任を家族に担当させることを理想とするが、日本社会には男女分業があって、男性