可达GWD阅读题目翻译100篇.pdf

可达亲译 ：GMAT 阅读100 篇 乌鸦 (1) Ravens display many sophisticated behaviors in the wild. (2) Experiments suggest that these behaviors result partly from Logical reasoning, not merely from instinct or rote learning. (3) In one experiment, ravens were presented with food hanging on a string. (4) To get the treat, a raven had to repeatedly reach down from its perch and pull up the string with its beak, stepping on the string after each pull to prevent slippage. (5) Some ravens examined the situation for several minutes and then quickly performed this multistep procedure on their first try, without any preliminary trial and errors. (6) Since the ravens would not have previously encountered this situation in the wild, they could not have learned it through past experience. (7) Hence, they apparently imagined possibilities and reasoned out what steps to take. (1) In operant behavioral conditioning of laboratory animals, each step in a desired behavioral sequence is typically rewarded with food. (2) Thus, the animal can learn each step without understanding how it contributed to the overall outcome of the behavioral sequence. (3) But no one step in