CFA_Final_Version.pdfVIP

Amortized cost: historical cost adjusted for DA, impairment Realizable value/fair value (arm’s length transaction’s parties could change asset at the value) Comprehensive income in GAAP in statement of equity A statement of comprehensive income (IFRS) could be apart as well INFORMATION 三张表 Financial statement footnotes: Accounting methods, estimates, principle disposal/acquisition; legal actions; employee benefits; significant customers; sales to related parties audited Supplementary schedule segment/region revenue hedging activities MDA business trends, capital resources and liquidity trend; material events and uncertainty; accounting methods (needs management’s opinions) unaudited SEC filings 8-K: 重大变化changes in corporate governance, its management, acquisitions or disposals of major events 10-K: ANNUAL/ 10-Q: QUARTERLY DEF-14A: Proxy statements S-1: 招股说明 Form 144 ：定向私募 Financial Analysis （6 个步骤）ratios 是process data 之后的结果；但是是interpret/analyze data 的input Audit US GAAP, auditor state its opinion (independent auditor) fair presentation; reliability (common characteristics) unqualified (free from errors, fraud and illegal acts), qualified (exception to accounting principles), adverse disclaimer of opinion 审计内容：Reasonable estimates, accepted accounting principles; no material errors; independent review Accounting journal – general journal – general ledger – trial balance (intial/adjusted) Assets = Liabilities + contributed capital + begin retained earnings + revenue – expenses - dividends capital (par value of common stock); additional paid-in capital( 资本利得, 发行股票时超过面值的数额)；capital repurchases (是contra accounts); retained earnings; other comprehensive income 是影响equity 但是不是从 shareholders’ transactions 中产生，也不是net income 贡献的） P 543(金程上)一道题 balance （revenue 上涨；要平必须增加assets 或者减少Lia） Regulatory Authorities ：SEC (US) FSA (U.K) IOSCO (international) IASB Conceptual Framework Relevance 影响economic decisions/ Fai