Construction of Nijenhuis operators and dendriform trialgebras英文文献资料.docVIP

CONSTRUCTIONOFNIJENHUISOPERATORS ANDDENDRIFORMTRIALGEBRAS PHILIPPE LEROUX Received 16February 2004 We construct Nijenhuis operators from particular bialgebras called dendriform-Nijenhuis bialgebras. It turns out that such Nijenhuis operators commute with TD-operators, a kind of Baxter-Rota operators, and are therefore closely related to dendriform trialgebras. This allowstheconstruction ofassociative algebras, calleddendriform-Nijenhuis algebras, made out ofnine operations and presenting anexotic combinatorial property. Wealso show that theaugmented freedendriform-Nijenhuis algebraanditscommutative versionhaveastruc- ture ofconnected Hopf algebras. Examples aregiven. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi?cation: 17A30, 18D50. 1. Introduction Notation. Inthesequel,kisa?eldofcharacteristiczero.Let(X,
)beak-algebra and let (
) i :X?2→X be a family of binary operations on X. The notation
→ i i
willmeanx
y= 1≤i≤N

x
y,forallx,y∈X.Wesaythattheoperation
splitsinto i i theNoperations
,...,
,orthattheoperation
isaclusterofN(binary)operations. 1 N Let(?,[·,·])beaLiealgebra.ANijenhuisoperator N:?→?isalinearmapverifying         N(x),N(y) +N2 [x,y] =N N(x),y + x,N(y) . (1.1) Solutions ofthisequationcanbeconstructed byproducing operators β:A→Averify- ingtheassociative Nijenhuis relation (ANR) onanassociative algebra (A,μ).TheANR, thatis,   (ANR):β(x)β(y)+β2(xy) =β β(x)y+xβ(y) , (1.2) for all x,y ∈ A, appears for the ?rst time in [4]; see also [5, 6] and the references therein.SuchlinearmapsβarethenNijenhuisoperatorssince(1.2)implies(1.1)onthe Liealgebra(A,[·,·]),with[x,y]:=xy?yx,forallx,y∈A.Inthesequel,byNijenhuis operators wemeanalinearmapde?nedonanassociative algebraandverifying (1.2). Section2prepares thesequel ofthiswork.Nijenhuis (NS)-algebras arede?ned and dendriform trialgebras are recalled. We show that Nijenhuis operators on an associa- tive algebra give NS-algebras. The notion of Trigèbre-Dendriforme (TD)-operators is also