【2017年整理】westward_movement.pptVIP

Westward movement in America carried settlers across America, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The westward movement began in the early 1600s with European settlements along the Atlantic Coast of North America. It continued until the late 1800s. An abundance of land and other natural resources lured Americas pioneers westward. Fur traders, cattle ranchers, farmers, and miners led the push to the west. Merchants and other business people followed. These hard-working men and women faced great dangers, endured severe hardships, and suffered loneliness and boredom in the hope of making a better life for themselves and their children. Some of them looked to the west for wealth or adventure. Others sought to improve their social position or increase their political power.? 　 The pioneers struggled westward across hills, mountains, and prairies on foot and on horseback. Some floated through the Erie Canal on barges or traveled down rivers on flatboats and steamboats. Others crossed the rugged wilderness in covered wagons. Brief introduction Content a. land policy. Firstly, the U.S. government issued the procedures and requirements in the statehood in the West. Secondly, the U.S. government enacted the policy to ensure the residents’ access to the land. in 1785 “Land Ordinance” Determined the state-owned land for sale to the immigrants 国有土地向移民出售 From 1802 to 1832 a number of “Relief Act” delayed the period of unpaid confiscation of land 延缓未付土地被没收的期限 (poor farmers got the land) In 1832 Jackson administration allowed farmers to occupy the land, and they could buy the land they have cultivated and improved with the lowest price . In 1862, Lincoln Government the “Homestead Act(宅地法)” required that citizens of 21 years old could acquire at most 160 acres of lands, as long as they could afford 10 dollars and farm it for 5 years.年满21岁的公民从1863年1月1日起，只要付10美元的费用，就有权取得160英亩或160英亩以下的土地，耕种5年后，土地就归个人所有 b immigration