2015年2月1日托福考试阅读真题.docVIP

2015年2月1日托福考试阅读真题 　　这次考试三篇文章都属于现象解释型的文章，结构清晰，而且TPO中有很多类似的题材文章，学生可以平时多加练习，增强积累。 　　词汇题： 　　Pondered= thought about 　　Inconclusive= not decisive 　　Fundamental= basic 　　Mandated=required 　　Signify=indicate 　　Ceased=stopped 　　Promoted=encouraged 　　Alleged=supposed 　　Dispersed=scattered 　　Function=purpose 　　Controversial=debatable 　　Elaborate=well developed 　　第一篇： 　　题材划分： 考古类 　　主要内容： 人们在canyon上发现了big house是在很短的时间内出现的，大约是在11世纪，后来停止建造，在13世纪又被遗弃了。Big house非常大，有很多层，需要从很远的地方运来木材，以及collective work，所以17世纪以前，考古学家都以为这里存在森林，然而它所在的位置今天是非常干旱和恶劣的，于是研究人员推测这个地方以前是个绿洲，吸引了非常多的人过来盖big house. 但是建筑学家研究发现，它处在一个网状的结构中心，周围有居民的房子，又发现了一些遗迹和器皿，因此推断它有宗教用途。但是地质学家研究发现那段时间有大量的水资源流向那里，宗教用途的推断受到质疑，研究者认为是因为这个地方非常适合农业，所以才在这里盖big house. 　　相似TPO练习推荐： 　　TPO21：The Origins of Agriculture 　　相关知识背景： 　　A great house is a large house or mansion with luxurious appointments and great retinues of indoor and outdoor staff, especially those of the turn of the 20th century (i.e., the late Victorian or Edwardian era in the United Kingdom and the Gilded Age in the United States). Examples include the English country house, the stately homes of England and the homes of various millionaires row (or millionaires mile) in some U.S. cities such as Newport, Rhode Island. In Ireland, the term big house is usual for the houses of the Anglo-Irish ascendancy. By some reports, the summer homes of the wealthy at Newport averaged four servants per family member. There was often an elaborate hierarchy among staff, domestic workers in particular. It was considered declassé to refer to ones own townhouses, estates or villas (or those of friends) as mansion sand modern etiquette books still advise that the terms house, big house or great house be used instead. 　　As in the past, todays great houses are limited to heads of state, the very rich, or those who have inherited them; few in the developed world are staffed at the level of past centuries. The International Guild of Butlers estimates that the annual salaries of a 20-25 person househo