句子语法简单概括.docx

句子句子的定义句子是包含主语和谓语的部分的一组词，它有一定的语法结构和语调，用以表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。句子开头第一个字母要大写，句子末尾要有句号、问号感叹号。如：What motives governed his actions?句子的种类和类型句子按其用途可分为四个种类。陈述句（declarative sentence）,用以陈述事实。如：The daisy is a common flower in English fields.雏菊在英格兰大地上是一种常见的花。Idont care what she thinks.2)疑问句（interrogative sentence）,用以提出问题。Your friend is a doctor, isn’t he?3）祈使句（imperative sentence）,用以表示命令、请求等。Have a good sleep and think it over.Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用文火煮。4）感叹句(exclamatory sentence),用以表示各种强烈的感情。What a coincidence to meet in San Francisco! 在旧金山见面真是一种巧合！The noise will deafen us all!句子按其结构可分为四种型式。简单句（simple sentence）,由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。如：The cause of the fire was a cigarette-end.这次火灾是一根烟头造成的并列句（compound sentence）,有两个或两个以上的分句组成。如：Cotton is falling in price, and buyers hold off. 棉花正在落价，可买主仍犹豫不决。Henry prefers strawberry pie, but his wife always bakes apple pie. 亨利喜欢吃草莓馅饼，可是他的妻子却经常烤苹果馅饼。3)复合句（complex sentence）,由主句和其他从句。如：I have to hurry to deposit this money before the bank closes. 我得赶在银行关门前把这笔钱存起来。He was an old man who wore thick glasses. 他年纪大了，戴着很深的眼镜。并列复合句（compound complex sentence），即含有复合句的并列句。如：The ad said that the coat was on sale for $20, but it was actually $22.I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it.句子的成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分（members of the sentence）。总的说来，句子皆由两大部分组成。一是主语部分（subject group）,一是谓语部分（predicate group）。如：The people’s Republic of China was born in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。句中的the people’s republic of china即是主语部分，was born in 1949即是谓语部分。但句子的成分要比句子的两大部分更加明确具体，可分为主语、谓语（或谓语动词）、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立万分等。如：The weather was quite nice. 天气相当好（weather是主语,nice是表语，quite是状语）I need a quiet room to study in.我需要一间安静的屋子进行学习。（need是谓语或谓语动词，room是宾语，quiet是定语）In a fierce shootout five criminals were shot dead.在一次猛烈交火中，五个罪犯被打死。(dead是主语补语)Unfortunately,he had his watch stolen.很不幸，他的表被偷了。（unfortunately是独立成分，stolen是宾语补语）词类与句子的成分不同。前者纯指单词的分类，后者则指词类、短词、从句等在句子中的功能。词类中也只有具有实义的词类，如名词、代词、数词、动词、形容词和副词等，才可用作句子的成分。