《Principles Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging》教学Chapter 9.pdfVIP

Chapter 9 Fast-Scan Imaging There is nothing that nuclear spins will not do for you, as long as you treat them as human beings. Erwin Hahn Fast imaging is one of the most interesting and important areas of MRI. This chapter is devoted to a systematic discussion of this topic. Before proceeding, let us first examine the range of possibilities to improve imaging speed over the con- ventional imaging method. From the discussion presented in Chapter 5, it is easy to derive that the total data acquisition time for a spin-echo imaging experiment is T aeq = NaeqNeneTR (9.1) where Naeq is the number of signal acquisitions (or signal averagings) for each encoded signal, Nene is the number of encodings, and TR is the time interval between two consecutive encoded signals. Clearly, Taeq can be shortened by re- ducing N aeq , Nene , and TR , individually or simultaneously. The cost of reducing N aeq is a loss of signal-to-noise ratio, and the absolute limit is reached when N aeq = 1. To achieve high-speed imaging, one has to find a way to signifi- cantly reduce (NeneTR). We discuss how this is accomplished in several popular fast-scan imaging methods, including fast spin-echo imaging, fast gradient-echo imaging, echo-planar imaging, and burst imaging. 9.1 Fast Spin-Echo Imaging Conceptually, fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging is a simple extension of the basic spin-echo imaging method. It uses the CPMG sequence discussed in Chapter 4 to 291 292 Chapter 9 Fast-Scan Imaging generate multi