语言学exercises+1考研真题1.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Linguistics: the study of language 名校研究生入学考试真题选 I. 名词解释 1 清华大学2001；中国人大2002；武汉大学2003考题 Cultural transmission （as a defining property of language） 2 同济大学2000年考题 Descriptive linguistics vs. prescriptive linguistics II. 判断正误 1 清华大学2001年考题 When language is used to get information, it serves an informative function. 2 东南大学2003年考题 Most animal communication systems lack the primary level of articulation. 3 大连外国语学院2000年考题 Descriptive linguistics are concerned with how languages work, not with how they can be improved. III. 填空题 1 中山大学2003年考题 By saying that “language is arbitrary”, we mean that there is no logical connection between meaning and ________. 2 中山大学2003年考题 The distinction between language and parole is made by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure. The distinction between competence and performance is made by the American linguist __________. 3 北京第二外国语大学2004年考题 An approach to linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is ____________. IV. 选择题 1 电子科技大学2003年考题 Unlike animal communication system, human language is ___________. a stimulus free b stimulus bound c under immediate stimulus control d stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest (考点分析：考查语言移位性特征) 2 东南大学2000年考题 __________ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics. a Chomsky b Saussure c Bloomfield d John Lyon V. 问答题 1 武汉大学2000；湖南师范大学2003年考题 Is language productive or not? Why? (考点分析：考查语言创造性的概念及原因) 2 中山大学2001年考题 Comment on the following statement: “In linguistics, ‘language’ only means what a person says or said in a given situation”. (考点分析： 考查language一词在语言学中不同层面的含义) 3 浙江大学1998，东南大学1999，厦门大学2002年考题 Point out three ways in which linguistics differs from traditional grammar. （考点分析：考查现代语言学与传统语法研究的区别） 4 华中科技大学2002年考题 What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance? * *