群智能理论和PSO精要.ppt

Layout Pattern of the global optima and usual local optima of show in Fig 2, if λ1 =1, λ2 =1, λ3 =0.01. Fig 2 Layout Pattern of the global optima and usual local optima To measure the effectiveness and viability of PSO with mutation operator, results are compared with basic local PSO and Multi Start PSO. The max iteration is 1000，size of population is 60, MaxStep=10,ρ=20% and . Results are presented in Table 7, 50 runs for each algorithm. 带时间窗车辆路径问题 车辆路径问题(Vehicle Routing Problem，VRP)由Dantzig和Ramser于1959年首次提出的，它是指对一系列发货点(或收货点)，组成适当的行车路径，使车辆有序地通过它们，在满足一定约束条件的情况下，达到一定的目标(诸如路程最短、费用最小，耗费