Quasi-Kernels for Oriented Paths and Cycles 外文参考文献.docVIP

Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics, 2012, 2, 58-61 /10.4236/ojdm.2012.22010 Published Online April 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojdm) Quasi-Kernels for Oriented Paths and Cycles Stephen Bowser, Charles Cable Department of Mathematics, Allegheny College, Meadville, USA Email: sbowser@ Received February 2, 2012; revised March 2, 2012; accepted March 21, 2012 ABSTRACT If D is a digraph, then K ? V ?D? is a quasi-kernel of D if D?K? is discrete and for each y?V ?D?? K there is x? K such that the directed distance from y to x is less than three. We give formulae