英语高考专题课件--虚拟语气30精要.ppt

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 一、在if条件从句中的虚拟：表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： [例句] 1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 (与过去事实相反) 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to seeyou. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反) 二、省略 if 的条件从句 当if从句中有had 、should或were, 时，可省略if ，而 把had 、should或were放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… 三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用： 有些假设的情况并不是以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise,or,but,without,but for 等来引导，此时，也要有虚拟语气的使用。即从句均用would could should might (not) +have done。 I was so busy then, or/otherwise I would have helped you . But for your help, I should have been drowned. 1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示坚持( insist), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, command,request, require,), 命令(order, command)等,从句谓语动词要用should+v原，should可以省略。 2、wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 对现在的虚拟：用过去式 2) 对过去的虚拟：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 对将来的虚拟：用情态动词(would / could) + do [例句] 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。 4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。 5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。  4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气。 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 [例句] The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboar