Reduced p.p.-rings without identity 外文参考文献.docVIP

REDUCEDP.P.-RINGSWITHOUTIDENTITY XIAOJIANGGUOANDK.P.SHUM Received16March2006;Accepted19March2006 Wegive some necessary and su?cient conditions for p.p.-rings without identity tobe reduced.OurresultsstrengthenandextendtheresultsofFraserandNicholsonaswellas somerecentresultsweobtainedonreducedp.p.-ringswithidentity. Copyright?2006HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved. 1.Introduction Throughout thispaper,theringRisnotnecessarily withanidentity.Wedenotetheset ofallidempotentsofRbyE(R).Also,forasubsetX?R,wedenotetheright(resp.,left) annihilatorofXinRbyann (X)(resp.,ann (X)). r  No