ProcessingMixedLanguageIssues,Findings,andModels(不同语言间的加工处理).pptVIP

Processing Mixed Language: Issues, Findings, and Models By Francois Grosjean Outline Methodological Issues Two Production Studies A Bilingual Model of Lexical Access(BIMOLA) Methodological Issues Subjects Language modes Stimuli Tasks Models Ways of Bringing in Other Language(s) (1) code-switching shift completely to the other language for a word, a phrase, or a sentence. (2) borrowing borrow a word or short expression from the other language and adapt it morphologically Bilinguals in Two Modes In a monolingual mode The other language is not activated. Green (1986,210-213) suggested that the other language is even inhibited. In a bilingual mode Both languages are activated but the base language is more strongly activated. Language Modes Production of Miexed Speech The base language effect by Macnamara Kushnir(1971): The base language has an impact on the guest language during the perception of code-switching. Grosjean (1988) observed that there was a momentary dominance of base language units(phonemes, syllables, words) that can delay the perception of the guest language units. In addition to perceptions, Grosjean and Miller(1994) came up with a question whether the base language effect exists in production. The Voice Onset Time(VOT) experiment French-English Adult were asked to retell a French-written stories in French with English code-switches,and in English. The story contains several characters names that could be said in both English and French. The VOT of the initial consonant of the names was measured. Each consonant is represented by three bars depicting the time obtained in three occasions. The English code-switches VOT is similar to that of English but different from the French one. The Voice Onset Time(VOT) Experiment The VOT Experiment findings The results of the VOT suggest that the base language effect seems to have little influence on guest language in bilingual speech production. Switching from one language to another