计算机信息检索精要.ppt

2000.4 清华大学 第二讲 计算机信息检索 Computerized Information Retrieval （工程硕士） 2011 信息检索词汇（terms） Information retrieval (IR) Information access (obtain) Information search (look for) Information searching (look for) Information seeking (focus on users, active) locate hit 信息检索基本原理 1. 信息检索发展阶段 ● 手工操作 (manual) ● 计算机化 (computerized) ● 网络化 (networked) ● 智能化 (intelligentized) ● 认知化 (cognized) What’s searching like? “Finding a needle in a haystack” 2. 主要检索系统类型 联机检索(online search) 脱机检索（offline search） 光盘检索（CD search） 网络检索（Interne/Web search） 全球数字图书馆系统（digital library global system） 2.1 联机检索(online search) Online databases Features ¨ A test-bed for early IR experiments development ¨ The showcase of IR technology (e.g, relevance retrieval) until the Internet, the Web became popular ¨ A laboratory for acquiring information retrieval skills IR capability ¨ Covers virtually every type of database structures ¨ Implement all different retrieval models and techniques -----Hahn OPAC Features ¨ An extension of MARC records ¨ A product of library automation ¨ A bibliographic database of library resources for an institution at various levels, e.g, local, regional, national IR capability ¨ Easy to browse (resemble shelf structure) ¨ Based on well-established hierarchical database structure ¨ May provide sophisticated searching capabilities but users may not benefit from them CD-ROMs  Features ¨ Online databases in CD-ROM medium ¨ Portability ¨ Cheaper more convenient access until the Web becomes the gateway for CD-ROM access ¨ Noticeable problem in updating the database ¨ Hypertext or hypermedia is heavily used in CD-ROM ¨ Becoming an obsolete technology? IR capabilities ¨ Introduce the browsing feature ¨ Other IR techniques simil