A Detailed History of Intron-rich Eukaryotic Ancestors Inferred from a Global Survey of 100 Complete Genomes 英文参考文献.docVIP

A Detailed History of Intron-rich Eukaryotic Ancestors Inferred from a Global Survey of 100 Complete Genomes 英文参考文献.doc

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A Detailed History of Intron-rich Eukaryotic Ancestors Inferred from a Global Survey of 100 Complete Genomes 英文参考文献

ADetailedHistoryofIntron-richEukaryoticAncestors InferredfromaGlobalSurveyof100CompleteGenomes MiklosCsuros1*,IgorB.Rogozin2,EugeneV.Koonin2* 1Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Universite′ de Montre′al, Montre′al, Que′bec, Canada, 2National Center for Biotechnology Information, NationalLibraryofMedicine,NationalInstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Protein-coding genes in eukaryotes are interrupted by introns, but intron densities widely differ between eukaryotic lineages.Vertebrates,someinvertebratesandgreenplantshaveintron-richgenes,with6–7intronsperkilobaseofcoding sequence,whereasmostoftheothereukaryoteshaveintron-poorgenes.Wereconstructedthehistoryofintrongainand lossusingaprobabilisticMarkovmodel(MarkovChainMonteCarlo,MCMC)on245orthologousgenesfrom99genomes representingthethreeofthefivesupergroupsofeukaryotesforwhichmultiplegenomesequencesareavailable.Intron-rich ancestorsareconfidentlyreconstructedforeachmajorgroup,with53to74%ofthehumanintrondensityinferredwith 95%confidencefortheLastEukaryoticCommonAncestor(LECA).TheresultsoftheMCMCreconstructionarecompared withthereconstructionsobtainedusingMaximumLikelihood(ML)andDolloparsimonymethods.Anexcellentagreement between the MCMC and ML inferences is demonstrated whereas Dollo parsimony introduces a noticeable bias in the estimations, typically yielding lower ancestral intron densities than MCMC and ML. Evolution of eukaryotic genes was dominatedbyintronloss,withsubstantialgainonlyatthebasesofseveralmajorbranchesincludingplantsandanimals. The highest intron density, 120 to 130% of the human value, is inferred for the last common ancestor of animals. The reconstruction shows that the entire line of descent from LECA to mammals was intron-rich, a state conducive to the evolutionofalternativesplicing. Citation: Csuros M, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV (2011) A Detailed History of Intron-rich Eukaryotic Ancestors Inferred from a Global Survey of 100 Complete Genomes.PLoSCom

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