A Highly Conserved, Small LTR Retrotransposon that Preferentially Targets Genes in Grass Genomes 英文参考文献.docVIP

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A Highly Conserved, Small LTR Retrotransposon that Preferentially Targets Genes in Grass Genomes 英文参考文献.doc

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A Highly Conserved, Small LTR Retrotransposon that Preferentially Targets Genes in Grass Genomes 英文参考文献

AHighlyConserved,SmallLTRRetrotransposonthat PreferentiallyTargetsGenesinGrassGenomes DongyingGao1,JinfengChen2,MingshengChen2,BlakeC.Meyers3,ScottJackson1* 1Center for Applied Genetic Technologies and Institute for Plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics,University ofGeorgia,Athens, Georgia,United States of America, 2StateKeyLaboratoryofPlantGenomics,InstituteofGeneticsandDevelopmentalBiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China,3DepartmentofPlantandSoil Sciences,andDelawareBiotechnologyInstitute,UniversityofDelaware,Newark,Delaware,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract LTR retrotransposons are often the most abundant components of plant genomes and can impact gene and genome evolution.MostreportedLTRretrotransposonsarelargeelements(.4kb)andaremostoftenfoundinheterochromatic (genepoor)regions.WereportthesmallestLTRretrotransposonfoundtodate,only292bp.Theelementisfoundinrice, maize,sorghumandothergrassgenomes,whichindicatesthatitwaspresentintheancestorofgrassspecies,atleast50– 80MYA.Estimatedinsertiontimes,comparisonsbetweensequencedricelines,andmRNAdataindicatethatthiselement may still be active in some genomes. Unlike other LTR retrotransposons, the small LTR retrotransposons (SMARTs) are distributedthroughoutthegenomesandareoftenlocatedwithinorneargeneswithinsertionpatternssimilartoMITEs (miniatureinvertedrepeattransposableelements).OurdatasuggeststhatinsertionsofSMARTsintoorneargenescan,ina fewinstances,alterbothgenestructuresandgeneexpression.Furtherevidenceforaroleinregulatinggeneexpression, SMART-specificsmallRNAs(sRNAs)wereidentifiedthatmaybeinvolvedingeneregulation.Thus,SMARTsmayhaveplayed animportantroleingenomeevolutionandgenicinnovationandmayprovideavaluabletoolforgenetaggingsystemsin grass. Citation: Gao D, Chen J, Chen M, Meyers BC, Jackson S (2012) A Highly Conserved, Small LTR Retrotransposon that Preferentially Targets Genes in Grass Genomes.PLoSONE7(2):e32010.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032010 Editor:MarkA.Batzer,LouisianaStateUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmer