A Hypothesis for the Evolution of Nuclear-Encoded, Plastid-Targeted Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in “Chromalveolate” Members 英文参考文献.docVIP

AHypothesisfortheEvolutionofNuclear-Encoded, Plastid-TargetedGlyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate DehydrogenaseGenesin‘‘Chromalveolate’’Members KiyotakaTakishita1*,HaruyoYamaguchi2,TadashiMaruyama1,YujiInagaki3 1JapanAgencyforMarine-EarthScienceandTechnology(JAMSTEC),Yokosuka,Kanagawa,Japan,2GraduateSchoolofLifeandEnvironmentalSciences,Universityof Tsukuba,Tsukuba,Ibaraki,Japan,3CenterforComputationalSciencesandInstituteofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofTsukuba,Tsukuba,Ibaraki,Japan Abstract Eukaryotes bearing red alga-derived plastids — photosynthetic alveolates (dinoflagellates plus the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii plus thechromerid Chromera velia), photosynthetic stramenopiles, haptophytes, and cryptophytes — possess unique plastid-targeted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (henceforth designated as ‘‘GapC1’’). Pioneering phylogenetic studies haveindicated a single origin of the GapC1 enzymes in eukaryotic evolution,but there aretwopotentialidiosyncrasiesintheGapC1phylogeny:Firstly,theGapC1treetopologyisapparentlyinconsistentwith theorganismal relationshipamongthe‘‘GapC1-containing’’groups. Secondly, fourstramenopile GapC1homologuesare consistently paraphyletic in previously published studies, although these organisms have been widely accepted as monophyletic. For a closer examination of the above issues, in this study GapC1 gene sampling was improved by determining/identifyingninestramenopileandtwocryptophytegenes.PhylogeneticanalysesofourGapC1dataset,which isparticularly richinthestramenopilehomologues,promptustoproposeanewscenariothatassumesmultiple,lateral GapC1 gene transfer events to explain the incongruity between the GapC1 phylogeny and the organismal relationships amongst the ‘‘GapC1-containing’’ groups. Under our new scenario, GapC1 genes uniquely found in photosynthetic alveolates, photosynthetic stramenopiles, haptophytes, and cryptopyhytes are not necessarily a character vertically inheritedfromacommonancestor. Citation: Takishita K, Yamaguchi H