A New Mouse Model to Study Acquired Lymphedema 英文参考文献.docVIP

Perspectives A New Mouse Model to Study Acquired Lymphedema Martin Schneider, Annelii Ny, Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar, Peter Carmeliet * M ore than 1 million women worldwide develop breast cancer every year [1]. For medical practice still relies on ancient procedures, such as manual lymph drainage via massage. A hydrodynamic and cellular mechanisms and the rate of lymph drainage in a horizontally positioned mouse tail also differ from those in a supine human limb, in which positional changes and muscle contractions determine lymph drainage [7]. It is unclear to what extent these differences in?uence the disease course and severity. Moreover, it will be interesting to characterize the long-term chronic structural changes in the lymphedemic mouse tail. Interestingly, not only were lymph vessels dilated in the mouse tail model, but there were also 10-fold more lymphatic vessels in the lymphedemic tail than in control tails. It remains to be determined whether this increase in the number of lymphatic vessels in the lymphedemic tissue is a peculiarity of the mouse tail model, as very little information about lymphatic hyperplasia in humans with lymphedema is available. While the precise reason for this increased lymphatic vessel density remains many of them, surgical removal of the breast remains the ?rst line of treatment for this potentially deadly disease. Because breast cancer cells spread via lymph vessels, at the time that the breast is resected, locally involved lymph nodes in the armpit and part of the axillary lymphatic network are usually also removed. Consequently, normal drainage of lymph is often interrupted, causing swelling of the affected arm due to lymph accumulation—a condition termed lymphedema. Acquired lymphedema in humans may also result from irradiation, trauma, or (parasitic) infection. better knowledge of the molecular cues underlying the abnormalities that characterize the in?ammatory tissue response to lymph stagnation is thus urgently needed to