A Positive Feedback Synapse from Retinal Horizontal Cells to Cone Photoreceptors 英文参考文献.docVIP

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A Positive Feedback Synapse from Retinal Horizontal Cells to Cone Photoreceptors 英文参考文献.doc

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A Positive Feedback Synapse from Retinal Horizontal Cells to Cone Photoreceptors 英文参考文献

APositiveFeedbackSynapsefromRetinalHorizontal CellstoConePhotoreceptors SkylerL.Jackman1,NorbertBabai2,JamesJ.Chambers3,WallaceB.Thoreson2,RichardH.Kramer4* 1DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofOphthalmology,UniversityofNebraskaMedical Center,Omaha,Nebraska,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,Amherst,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 4DepartmentofMolecularandCellBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Conephotoreceptorsandhorizontalcells(HCs)haveareciprocalsynapsethatunderlieslateralinhibitionandestablishes theantagonisticcenter-surroundorganizationofthevisualsystem.ConestransmittoHCsthroughanexcitatorysynapse and HCs feed back to cones through an inhibitory synapse. Here we report that HCs also transmit to cone terminals a positive feedback signal that elevates intracellular Ca2+ and accelerates neurotransmitter release. Positive and negative feedbackarebothinitiatedbyAMPAreceptorsonHCs,butpositivefeedbackappearstobemediatedbyachangeinHC 2+ Ca ,whereasnegativefeedbackismediatedbyachangeinHCmembranepotential.LocaluncagingofAMPAreceptor agonists suggests that positive feedback is spatially constrained to active HC-cone synapses, whereas the negative feedbacksignalspreadsthroughHCstoaffectreleasefromsurroundingcones.Bylocallyoffsettingtheeffectsofnegative feedback, positive feedback may amplify photoreceptor synaptic release without sacrificing HC-mediated contrast enhancement. Citation: Jackman SL, Babai N, Chambers JJ, Thoreson WB, Kramer RH (2011) A Positive Feedback Synapse from Retinal Horizontal Cells to Cone Photoreceptors.PLoSBiol9(5):e1001057.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001057 AcademicEditor:FredRieke,UniversityofWashington,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedNovember26,2010;AcceptedMarch25,2011;PublishedMay3,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Jackman et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the t