A Single Streptomyces Symbiont Makes Multiple Antifungals to Support the Fungus Farming Ant Acromyrmex octospinosus 英文参考文献.docVIP

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A Single Streptomyces Symbiont Makes Multiple Antifungals to Support the Fungus Farming Ant Acromyrmex octospinosus 英文参考文献.doc

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A Single Streptomyces Symbiont Makes Multiple Antifungals to Support the Fungus Farming Ant Acromyrmex octospinosus 英文参考文献

ASingleStreptomycesSymbiontMakesMultiple AntifungalstoSupporttheFungusFarmingAnt Acromyrmexoctospinosus RyanF.Seipke1*,Jo¨rgBarke1,CharlesBrearley1,LionelHill2,DouglasW.Yu1,3,RebeccaJ.M.Goss4, MatthewI.Hutchings1* 1SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofEastAnglia,NorwichResearchPark,Norwich,UnitedKingdom,2MetabolicBiology,JohnInnesCentre,NorwichResearch Park, Norwich, United Kingdom, 3State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources, and Evolution, Ecology, Conservation, and Environment Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Kunming,China,4SchoolofChemistry,UniversityofEastAnglia,NorwichResearchPark,Norwich,UnitedKingdom Abstract Attine ants are dependent on a cultivated fungus for food and use antibiotics produced by symbiotic Actinobacteria as weedkillers in their fungus gardens. Actinobacterial species belonging to the genera Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces and Amycolatopsis have been isolated from attine ant nests and shown to confer protection against a range of microfungal weeds. In previous work on the higher attine Acromyrmex octospinosus we isolated a Streptomyces strain that produces candicidin,consistentwithanotherreportthatattineantsuseStreptomyces-producedcandicidinintheirfungiculture.Here we report the genome analysis of this Streptomyces strain and identify multiple antibiotic biosynthetic pathways. We demonstrate,usinggenedisruptionsandmassspectrometry,thatthissinglestrainhasthecapacitytomakecandicidinand multiple antimycin compounds. Although antimycins have been known for .60 years we report the sequence of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the first time. Crucially, disrupting the candicidin and antimycin gene clusters in the same strainhadnoeffectonbioactivityagainstaco-evolvednestpathogencalledEscovopsisthathasbeenidentifiedin,30%of attine ant nests. Since the Streptomyces strain has strong bioactivity against Escovopsis we conclude that it must make additional antifungal(s) to inhibit Escovopsis. However, candicidin and antimyc