Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish 英文参考文献.docVIP

Acquisitionofglialcellsmissing2EnhancersContributes toaDiversityofIonocytesinZebrafish TakanoriShono1,DaisukeKurokawa2,TsutomuMiyake1,MasatakaOkabe1* 1DepartmentofAnatomy,TheJikeiUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Tokyo,Japan,2MisakiMarineBiologicalStation,TheUniversityofTokyo,Kanagawa,Japan Abstract Glial cells missing 2 (gcm2) encoding a GCM-motif transcription factor is expressed in the parathyroid in amniotes. In contrast,gcm2isexpressedinpharyngealpouches(ahomologoussiteoftheparathyroid),gills,andH -ATPase–richcells + (HRCs),asubsetofionocytesontheskinsurfaceoftheteleostfishzebrafish.Ionocytesarespecializedcellsthatareinvolved inosmotichomeostasisinaquaticvertebrates.Here,weshowedthatgcm2isessentialforthedevelopmentofHRCsand + Na -Cl2 co-transporter–rich cells (NCCCs), another subset of ionocytes in zebrafish. We also identified gcm2 enhancer regionsthatcontrolgcm2expressioninionocytesofzebrafish.Comparisonsofthegcm2locuswithitsneighboringregions revealednoconservedelementsbetweenzebrafishandtetrapods.Furthermore,Weobservedgcm2expressionpatternsin embryos of the teleost fishes Medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fugu (Fugu niphobles), the extant primitive ray-finned fishes Polypterus (Polypterus senegalus) and sturgeon (a hybrid of Huso huso6Acipenser ruhenus), and the amphibian Xenopus (Xenopus laevis). Although gcm2-expressing cells were observed on the skin surface of Medaka and fugu, they were not foundinPolypterus,sturgeon,orXenopus.Ourresultssuggestthatanacquisitionofenhancersfortheexpressionofgcm2 contributestoadiversityofionocytesinzebrafishduringevolution. Citation:ShonoT,KurokawaD,MiyakeT,OkabeM(2011)Acquisitionofglialcellsmissing2EnhancersContributestoaDiversityofIonocytesinZebrafish.PLoS ONE6(8):e23746.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023746 Editor:VincentLaudet,EcoleNormaleSupe′rieuredeLyon,France ReceivedFebruary19,2011;AcceptedJuly23,2011;PublishedAugust17,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Shono et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the