An Urgent Need to Restrict Access to Pesticides Based on Human Lethality 英文参考文献.docVIP

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An Urgent Need to Restrict Access to Pesticides Based on Human Lethality 英文参考文献.doc

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An Urgent Need to Restrict Access to Pesticides Based on Human Lethality 英文参考文献

Perspective AnUrgentNeedtoRestrictAccesstoPesticidesBasedon HumanLethality MatthewMiller1*,KaviBhalla2 1DepartmentofHealthPolicyandManagement,HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofGlobalHealthand Population,HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,Cambridge,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica Agricultural pesticides account for at least 250,000 suicide deaths each year, makingpesticidesthesinglemostcommon means of suicide worldwide [1,2]. The proportionofsuicidedeathsattributableto pesticideself-poisoningvariesconsiderably across the world: in Europe and the Americasfewerthan5%ofsuicidedeaths involvepesticides;intheEasternMediter- ranean, African, and Southeast Asian regions approximately 20%–25% involve pesticides; and in the Western Pacific region more than half of all suicides are pesticide related [1]. In aggregate, pesti- cide poisoning is involved in one-third of all suicides. In Sri Lanka, the site of the study by Andrew Dawson and colleagues publishedinthisweek’sPLoSMedicine[3], more than half of all suicide deaths in 2005wereduetopesticides[4]. States that found the availability of and accesstohouseholdfirearmsheightensthe risk of suicide for all members of the household [9], support the claim that means restriction is one of only two approaches to suicide prevention with a strong evidence base [10]—and the only approach for which such large-scale re- ductions in suicide incidence have been observedatthepopulationlevel. LinkedResearchArticle Dawson AH, Eddleston M, Senar- athna L, Mohamed F, Gawaram- mana I, et al. (2010) Acute human lethal toxicity of agricultural pesti- cides: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 7(10): e1000357. doi:10. 1371/journal.pmed.1000357 In a prospective cohort study of patients presenting with pesticide self-poisoning,AndrewDawsonand colleagues investigate the relative human toxicity of agricultural pes- ticides and contrast it with WHO toxicity classifications, which are basedonrattoxic