An Unprecedented Role Reversal Ground Beetle Larvae (Coleoptera Carabidae) Lure Amphibians and Prey upon Them 英文参考文献.docVIP
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An Unprecedented Role Reversal Ground Beetle Larvae (Coleoptera Carabidae) Lure Amphibians and Prey upon Them 英文参考文献
AnUnprecedentedRoleReversal:GroundBeetleLarvae
(Coleoptera:Carabidae)LureAmphibiansandPreyupon
Them
GilWizen*,AvitalGasith
DepartmentofZoology,Tel-AvivUniversity,Tel-Aviv,Israel
Abstract
Amphibiansoftenfeedonbeetlelarvae,includingthoseofgroundbeetles(Carabidae).Preliminaryreportshavedetailedan
unusual trophic interaction in which, in contrast, larvae of the ground beetle Epomis prey upon juvenile and adult
amphibians.Whileitisknownthattheselarvaefeedexclusivelyonamphibians,howthepredator-preyencounteroccursto
theadvantageofthebeetlelarvaehadbeenunknowntodate.Usinglaboratoryobservationsandcontrolledexperiments,
werecordedthefeedingbehaviorofEpomislarvae,aswellasthebehavioroftheiramphibianprey.Herewerevealthat
larvae of two species of Epomis (E. circumscriptus and E. dejeani) lure their potential predator, taking advantage of the
amphibian’spredationbehavior.TheEpomislarvacombinesasit-and-waitstrategywithuniquemovementsofitsantennae
andmandiblestodrawtheattentionoftheamphibiantothepresenceofapotentialprey.Theintensityofthisenticement
increaseswithdecreasingdistancebetweenthelarvaandtheamphibian.Whentheamphibianattacks,thelarvaalmost
alwaysmanagestoavoidthepredator’sprotractedtongue,exploitingtheopportunitytoattachitselftotheamphibian’s
bodyandinitiatefeeding.OurfindingssuggestthatthetrophicinteractionbetweenEpomislarvaeandamphibiansisoneof
theonlynaturalcasesofobligatorypredator-preyrolereversal.Moreover,thisinteractioninvolvesasmallinsectlarvathat
successfully lures and preys on a larger vertebrate. Such role reversal is exceptional in the animal world, extending our
perspective of co-evolution in the arms race between predator and prey, and suggesting that counterattack defense
behaviorhasevolvedintopredator-preyrolereversal.
Citation:WizenG,GasithA(2011)AnUnprecedentedRoleReversal:GroundBeetleLarvae(Coleoptera:Carabidae)LureAmphibiansandPreyuponThem.PLoS
ONE6(9):e25161.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025161
Editor:SeanA.Rands,UniversityofBristol,UnitedKingdom
ReceivedA
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