Ancient DNA Suggests Dwarf and ‘Giant’ Emu Are Conspecific 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Ancient DNA Suggests Dwarf and ‘Giant’ Emu Are Conspecific 英文参考文献.doc

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Ancient DNA Suggests Dwarf and ‘Giant’ Emu Are Conspecific 英文参考文献

AncientDNASuggestsDwarfand‘Giant’EmuAre Conspecific TimH.Heupink,LeonHuynen,DavidM.Lambert* GriffithSchoolofEnvironmentandSchoolofBiomolecularandPhysicalSciences,GriffithUniversity,Nathan,Australia Abstract Background: The King Island Emu (Dromaius ater) of Australia is one of several extinct emu taxa whose taxonomic relationshiptothemodernEmu(D.novaehollandiae)isunclear.KingIslandEmuweremainlydistinguishedbytheirmuch smallersizeandareporteddarkercolourcomparedtomodernEmu. MethodologyandResults:WeinvestigatedtheevolutionaryrelationshipsbetweentheKingIslandandmodernEmubythe recoveryofbothnuclearandmitochondrialDNAsequencesfromsub-fossilremains.Thecompletemitochondrialcontrol (1,094bp)andcytochromecoxidasesubunitI(COI)region(1,544bp),aswellasaregionofthemelanocortin1receptor gene(57bp)weresequencedusingamultiplexPCRapproach.TheresultsshowthathaplotypesforKingIslandEmufall withinthediversityofmodernEmu. Conclusions:Thesedatashowthecloserelationshipoftheseemuwhencomparedtoothercongenericbirdspeciesand indicatethattheKingIslandandmodernEmusharearecentcommonancestor.KingIslandemupossiblyunderwentinsular dwarfismasaresultofphenotypicplasticity.ThecloserelationshipbetweentheKingIslandandthemodernEmusuggests itismostappropriatethattheformershouldbeconsideredasubspeciesofthelatter.Althoughbothtaxashowaclose geneticrelationshiptheydifferdrasticallyinsize.Thisstudyalsosuggeststhatratesofmorphologicalandneutralmolecular evolutionaredecoupled. Citation: Heupink TH, Huynen L, Lambert DM (2011) Ancient DNA Suggests Dwarf and ‘Giant’ Emu Are Conspecific. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18728. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0018728 Editor:RobertC.Fleischer,SmithsonianInstitutionNationalZoologicalPark,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedSeptember20,2010;AcceptedMarch14,2011;PublishedApril11,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Heupink et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedth