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Are We Really Getting Conservation So Badly Wrong 英文参考文献
BookReview/ScienceintheMedia
AreWeReallyGettingConservationSoBadlyWrong?
KathyMacKinnon1,2
*
1CambridgeConservationScienceGroup,DepartmentofZoology,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom,2IUCN/WorldCommissiononProtectedAreas
InOctober2010,some18,000delegates
from193nationsmetinNagoya,Japan,for
the10thConferenceoftheParties(COP)to
theConventiononBiologicalDiversity,the
internationaltreatytoprotectbiodiversity.
In Nagoya, governments reaffirmed their
concernoverthe continuingloss ofbiodi-
versity and set new targets to address the
crisis. Among the national delegations,
indigenouspeople,anddiversestakeholders
present,lobbyingbyinternationalnongov-
ernmental organizations (NGOs) contrib-
utedtoaCOPdecisiontoexpandprotect-
ed areas to 17% of terrestrial ecosystems
(up from the current 12.9% coverage
globally) and marine areas to 10% (cur-
rently at just over 1%). Against this
background, Rosaleen Duffy argues that
mainstreamconservationeffortsarefailing
in her new book, Nature Crime: How We’re
GettingConservationWrong.Duffy,aprofessor
of international politics at Manchester
University, questions the importance of
international NGOs in setting global and
national conservation agendas, the devel-
opmentofalliancesbetweenNGOsandthe
private sector, and the alienation of local
gall bladders can be shipped to the Far
East for the ‘‘traditional medicine trade’’
andthatillegalimmigrantslosttheirlives
harvestingcocklesinthetreacheroussands
of Morecombe Bay to provide gourmet
dishesforWesternEurope.
Because of the influence of global
marketsonresourceuse—everythingfrom
rhino horn to sapphires and coltan, a
metallicoreusedinmobilephones—Duffy
believes that conservationists, especially
the large international NGOs like WWF,
Wildlife Conservation Society, Conserva-
tion International, and The Nature Con-
servancy, are taking the wrong approach
to saving wild nature. She feels that
conservation initiatives focus too little on
the real drivers of biodiversity loss—the
resourcedemandsofthe
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