Association and Linkage Analysis of Aluminum Tolerance Genes in Maize 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Association and Linkage Analysis of Aluminum Tolerance Genes in Maize 英文参考文献.doc

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Association and Linkage Analysis of Aluminum Tolerance Genes in Maize 英文参考文献

AssociationandLinkageAnalysisofAluminumTolerance GenesinMaize AllisonM.Krill1,2,MatiasKirst3,4,LeonV.Kochian1,5,EdwardS.Buckler1,2,3,OwenA.Hoekenga1,2 * 1UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture-AgriculturalResearchService,RobertW.HolleyCenterforAgricultureandHealth,Ithaca,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2CornellUniversity,DepartmentofPlantBreedingandGenetics,Ithaca,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3InstituteforGenomicDiversity,CornellUniversity,Ithaca, New York, United States of America, 4University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 5Cornell University,DepartmentofPlantBiology,Ithaca,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Aluminum(Al)toxicityisamajorworldwideconstrainttocropproductivityonacidicsoils.Albecomessoluble atlowpH,inhibitingrootgrowthandseverelyreducingyields.Maizeisanimportantstaplefoodandcommoditycropin acidicsoilregions,especiallyinSouthAmericaandAfricawherethesesoilsareverycommon.Alexclusionandintracellular tolerance have been suggested as two important mechanisms for Al tolerance in maize, but little is known about the underlyinggenetics. Methodology:Anassociationpanelof282diversemaizeinbredlinesandthreeF2linkagepopulationswithapproximately 200 individuals each were used to study genetic variation in this complex trait. Al tolerance was measured as net root growth in nutrient solution under Al stress, which exhibited a wide range of variation between lines. Comparative and physiologicalgenomics-basedapproacheswereusedtoselect21candidategenesforevaluationbyassociationanalysis. Conclusions:Sixcandidategeneshadsignificantresultsfromassociationanalysis,butonlyfourwereconfirmedbylinkage analysis as putatively contributing to Al tolerance: Zea mays AltSB like (ZmASL), Zea mays aluminum-activated malate transporter2 (ALMT2), S-adenosyl-L-homocysteinase (SAHH), and Malic Enzyme (ME). These four candidate genes are high priority subjects for follow-up biochemical and physiological stud