Between-Site Differences in the Scale of Dispersal and Gene Flow in Red Oak 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Between-Site Differences in the Scale of Dispersal and Gene Flow in Red Oak 英文参考文献.doc

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Between-Site Differences in the Scale of Dispersal and Gene Flow in Red Oak 英文参考文献

Between-SiteDifferencesintheScaleofDispersaland GeneFlowinRedOak EmilyV.Moran1*,JamesS.Clark2 1National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America, 2Nicholas School of the Environment,DukeUniversity,Durham,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Nut-bearing trees, including oaks (Quercus spp.), are considered to be highly dispersal limited, leading to concerns about their ability to colonize new sites or migrate in response to climate change. However, estimating seed dispersal is challenging in species that are secondarily dispersed by animals, and differences in disperser abundance or behavior could lead to large spatio-temporal variation in dispersal ability. Parentage and dispersal analyses combining geneticandecologicaldataprovideaccurateestimatesofcurrentdispersal,whilespatialgeneticstructure(SGS)canshed lightonpastpatternsofdispersalandestablishment. MethodologyandPrincipalFindings:Inthisstudy,weestimateseedandpollendispersalandparentagefortwomixed- species redoakpopulations usingahierarchical Bayesianapproach. Wecomparethese results tothoseofageneticML parentage model. We also test whether observed patterns of SGS in three size cohorts are consistent with known site history and current dispersal patterns. We find that, while pollen dispersal is extensive at both sites, the scale of seed dispersaldifferssubstantially.ParentageresultsdifferbetweenmodelsduetoadditionaldataincludedinBayesianmodel anddifferinggenotypingerrorassumptions,butbothindicatebetween-sitedispersaldifferences.PatternsofSGSinlarge adults,smalladults,andseedlingsareconsistentwithknownsitehistory(farmedvs.selectivelyharvested),andwithlong- term differences in seed dispersal. This difference is consistent with predator/disperser satiation due to higher acorn productionatthelow-dispersalsite.Whilethissite-to-sitevariationresultsinsubstantialdifferencesinasymptoticspread rates,dispersalforbothsi