Burst of Young Retrogenes and Independent Retrogene Formation in Mammals 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Burst of Young Retrogenes and Independent Retrogene Formation in Mammals 英文参考文献.doc

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Burst of Young Retrogenes and Independent Retrogene Formation in Mammals 英文参考文献

BurstofYoungRetrogenesandIndependentRetrogene FormationinMammals DengPan1,LiqingZhang1,2* 1Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, 2Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, VirginiaTech,Blacksburg,Virginia,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Retropositionandretrogenesgainincreasingattentionasrecentstudiesshowthattheyplayanimportantroleinhuman new gene formation. Here we examined the patterns of retrogene distribution in 8 mammalian genomes using 4 non- mammaliangenomesasacontrast.Therehasbeenaburstofyoungretrogenesnotonlyinprimatelineagesassuggested inarecentstudy,butalsoinothermammalianlineages.Inmammals,mostoftheretrofamilies(thegenefamiliesthathave retrogenes) are shared between species. In these shared retrofamilies, 14%–18% of functional retrogenes may have originatedindependentlyinmultiplemammalianspecies.Notably,intheindependentlyoriginatedretrogenes,thereisan enrichmentofribosomerelatedgenefunction.Insharpcontrast,noneofthesepatternsholdinnon-mammals.Ourresults suggestthattherecruitmentofthespecificL1retrotransposonsinmammalsmighthavebeenanimportantevolutionary eventforthesplitofmammalsandnon-mammalsandretropositioncontinuestobeanimportantactiveprocessinshaping thedynamicsofmammaliangenomes,ascomparedtobeingratherinertinnon-mammals. Citation: Pan D, Zhang L (2009) Burst of Young Retrogenes and Independent Retrogene Formation in Mammals. PLoS ONE 4(3): e5040. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0005040 Editor:PawelMichalak,UniversityofTexasArlington,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedNovember22,2008;AcceptedFebruary11,2009;PublishedMarch27,2009 Copyright:?2009Panetal.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricted use,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:NSFGrantIIS-0710945andAdvanceVT.Thefundershadnoroleinstudydesign,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofth