Calorie Restriction Extends Life Span— But Which Calories 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Calorie Restriction Extends Life Span— But Which Calories 英文参考文献.doc

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Calorie Restriction Extends Life Span— But Which Calories 英文参考文献

Open access, freely available online Perspectives Calorie Restriction Extends Life Span— But Which Calories? Leonie K. Heilbronn, Eric Ravussin* E vidence that calorie restriction (CR) retards aging and extends median and maximal life span in food intake [7]. From this work and others, the reduction in calories was recognized to be of paramount importance in the longevity response, and alterations in the nutrient content of diets were considered irrelevant. However, a recent study in PLoS Biology by Mair et al. challenges this long-held concept of CR [8]. composition on longevity in rodents. The results from these studies have been contradictory, with some studies showing no life-span extension following restriction of fat only [9] and others showing increased life span following replacement of casein-protein for soy- protein [10]. However, the concept that it is not just reduced calorie intake that drives the life-span extension effect is not new, and the timing of food intake has also been proposed to be of importance. For example, when rodents are fed every other day, improvements in biomarkers of aging and increased life span are observed, even though measured calorie intake and body weight were not statistically different from ad-libitum or pair-fed animals [11,12]. These responses were dependent on genotype and the age at which the protocol was implemented. Furthermore, animals fed every other day had a better response to neurotoxic stressors as compared to animals was ?rst described in the 1930s by McCay et al. [1]. Since then, similar observations have been made in a variety of species including rodents, ?sh, fruit ?ies, worms, and yeast [2]—and although they are not yet de?nitive, results from ongoing longevity studies in monkeys suggest that CR will also extend life span in longer-lived species [3,4]. From Fruit Flies to Rodents In the study by Mair et al., the authors examined life span in fruit ?ies There are many theories explaining the mechanisms b