Dietary Intake and Rural-Urban Migration in India A Cross-Sectional Study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Dietary Intake and Rural-Urban Migration in India A Cross-Sectional Study 英文参考文献.doc

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Dietary Intake and Rural-Urban Migration in India A Cross-Sectional Study 英文参考文献

DietaryIntakeandRural-UrbanMigrationinIndia:A Cross-SectionalStudy LizaBowen1*,ShahEbrahim1,2,BiancaDeStavola1,AndyNess3,SanjayKinra1,A.V.Bharathi4 ,Dorairaj Prabhakaran2,5,6,K.SrinathReddy6 1DepartmentofEpidemiologyandPopulationHealth,LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,London,UnitedKingdom,2SouthAsiaNetworkforChronic Disease,PublicHealthFoundationofIndia,NewDelhi,India,3SchoolofOralandDentalSciences,UniversityofBristol,Bristol,UnitedKingdom,4DepartmentofFood ScienceandNutrition,IndiraGandhiNationalOpenUniversity,NewDelhi,India,5CentreforChronicDiseaseControl,NewDelhi,India,6PublicHealthFoundationof India,NewDelhi,India Abstract Background:MigrationfromruralareasofIndiacontributestourbanisationandlifestylechange,anddietarychangesmay increase the risk of obesity and chronic diseases. We tested the hypothesis that rural-to-urban migrants have different macronutrient and food group intake to rural non-migrants, and that migrants have a diet more similar to urban non- migrants. Methodsandfindings:Thedietsofmigrantsofruralorigin,theirruraldwellingsibs,andthoseofurbanorigintogether with their urban dwelling sibs were assessed by an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Atotal of 6,509 participants wereincluded. Median energyintake in therural, migrant andurbangroups was2731,3078,and3224kcalrespectivelyformen,and2153,2504,and2644kcalforwomen(p,0.001).Asimilartrend wasseenforoverallintakeoffat,proteinandcarbohydrates(p,0.001),thoughdifferencesintheproportionofenergyfrom thesenutrientswere,2%.Migrantandurbanparticipantsreportedupto80%higherfruitandvegetableintakethanrural participants(p,0.001),andupto35%highersugarintake(p,0.001).Meatanddairyintakewerehigherinmigrantand urban participants than rural participants (p,0.001), but varied by region. Sibling-pair analyses confirmed these results. Therewasnoevidenceofassociationswithtimeinurbanarea. Conclusions:Ruraltourbanmigrationappearstobeassociatedwithbothpositive(higherfruitandvege