Development and Field Evaluation of a Synthetic Mosquito Lure That Is More Attractive than Humans 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Development and Field Evaluation of a Synthetic Mosquito Lure That Is More Attractive than Humans 英文参考文献.doc

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Development and Field Evaluation of a Synthetic Mosquito Lure That Is More Attractive than Humans 英文参考文献

DevelopmentandFieldEvaluationofaSynthetic MosquitoLureThatIsMoreAttractivethanHumans FredrosO.Okumu1,2,3*,GerryF.Killeen1,4,5,SheilaOgoma1,3,LubandwaBiswaro1,RenateC. Smallegange7,EdgarMbeyela1,EmmanuelTitus1,CristinaMunk6,HassanNgonyani1,WillemTakken7, HassanMshinda1,WolfgangR.Mukabana2,SarahJ.Moore1,3,4 1BiomedicalandEnvironmentalSciencesThematicGroup,IfakaraHealthInstitute,Ifakara,Tanzania,2SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofNairobi,Nairobi,Kenya, 3DiseaseControlandVectorBiologyUnit,LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,London,UnitedKingdom,4SchoolofBiologicalSciences,DurhamUniversity, Durham,UnitedKingdom,5VectorGroup,LiverpoolSchoolofTropicalMedicine,Liverpool,UnitedKingdom,6CollegeofAgricultureandLifeSciences,CornellUniversity, Ithaca,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,7LaboratoryofEntomology,WageningenUniversityandResearchCentre,Wageningen,TheNetherlands Abstract Background:Diseasetransmittingmosquitoeslocatehumansandotherbloodhostsbyidentifyingtheircharacteristicodor profiles.Usingtheirolfactoryorgans,themosquitoesdetectcompoundspresentinhumanbreath,sweatandskins,anduse these as cues to locate and obtain blood from the humans. These odor compounds can be synthesized in vitro , then formulatedtomimichumans.Whilesomesyntheticmosquitoluresalreadyexist,evidencesupportingtheirutilityislimited tolaboratorysettings,wherelong-rangestimulicannotbeinvestigated. MethodologyandPrincipalFindings:Herewereportthedevelopmentandfieldevaluationofanodorblendconsistingof known mosquito attractants namely carbon dioxide, ammonia and carboxylic acids, which was optimized at distances comparablewithattractiverangesofhumanstomosquitoes.Binarychoiceassayswereconductedinsidealarge-cagesemi- field enclosure using attractant-baited traps placed 20m apart. This enabled high-throughput optimization of concentrations at which the individual candidate attractants needed to be added so as to obtain a blend maximally attractive to laboratory-reared An. gambiae. To determine whether wild