Discovery of a Distinct Superfamily of Kunitz-Type Toxin (KTT) from Tarantulas 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Discovery of a Distinct Superfamily of Kunitz-Type Toxin (KTT) from Tarantulas 英文参考文献.doc

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Discovery of a Distinct Superfamily of Kunitz-Type Toxin (KTT) from Tarantulas 英文参考文献

DiscoveryofaDistinctSuperfamilyofKunitz-TypeToxin (KTT)fromTarantulas Chun-HuaYuan.,Quan-YuanHe.,KuanPeng.,Jian-BoDiao,Li-PingJiang,XingTang,Song-PingLiang* TheKeyLaboratoryforProteinChemistryandDevelopmentalBiologyofMinistryofEducation,CollegeofLifeSciences,HunanNormalUniversity,Changsha,People’s RepublicofChina Abstract Background: Kuntiz-type toxins (KTTs) have been found in the venom of animals such as snake, cone snail and sea anemone.ThemainancestralfunctionofKunitz-typeproteinswastheinhibitionofadiversearrayofserineproteases,while toxicactivities(suchasion-channelblocking)weredevelopedunderavarietyofDarwinianselectionpressures.Hownew functionsweregraftedontoanoldproteinscaffoldandwhateffectDarwinianselectionpressureshadonKTTevolution remainsapuzzle. PrincipalFindings:HerewereportthepresenceofanewsuperfamilyofKTTsinspiders(Tarantulas:Ornithoctonushuwena andOrnithoctonushainana),whichsharelowsequencesimilaritytoknownKTTsandisclusteredinadistinctcladeinthe phylogenetictreeofKTTevolution.TherepresentativemoleculeofspiderKTTs,HWTX-XI,purifiedfromthevenomofO. huwena,isabi-functionalproteinwhichisaverypotenttrypsininhibitor(about30-foldmorestrongthanBPTI)aswellasa weakKv1.1potassiumchannelblocker.StructuralanalysisofHWTX-XIin3-DbyNMRtogetherwithcomparativefunction analysisof18expressedmutantsofthistoxinrevealedtwoseparatesites,correspondingtothesetwoactivities,locatedon thetwoendsofthecone-shapemoleculeofHWTX-XI.Comparisonofnon-synonymous/synonymousmutationratios(v )for eachsiteinspiderandsnakeKTTs,aswellasPBTIlikebodyKunitzproteinsrevealedhighDarwinianselectionpressureon thebindingsitesforKvchannelsandserineproteasesinsnake,whileonlyontheproteasesinspiderandnonedetectedin bodyproteins,suggestingdifferentratesandpatternsofevolutionamongthem.Theresultsalsorevealedaseriesofkey eventsinthehistoryofspiderKTTevolution,includingtheformationofanovelKTTfamily(namedsub-Kuntiz-typetoxins) derived from the ancestral native KTTs with the loss of the second disulfide bridge ac