Discrete and Effortful Imagined Movements Do Not Specifically Activate the Autonomic Nervous System 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Discrete and Effortful Imagined Movements Do Not Specifically Activate the Autonomic Nervous System 英文参考文献.doc

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Discrete and Effortful Imagined Movements Do Not Specifically Activate the Autonomic Nervous System 英文参考文献

DiscreteandEffortfulImaginedMovementsDoNot SpecificallyActivatetheAutonomicNervousSystem LaurentDemougeot1,2,Herve′ Normand3,4,PierreDenise3,4,CharalambosPapaxanthis1,2 * 1Universite′ deBourgogne,UFRSTAPS,BP27877,Dijon,France,2InstitutNationaldelaSante′etdelaRechercheMe′dicale(INSERM),Unite′887,Motricite′ etPlasticite′,BP 27877,Dijon,France,3Universite′ deCaen,Faculte′ deMe′decine,Caen,France,4InstitutNationaldelaSante′ etdelaRechercheMe′dicale(INSERM),ERI27,Caen,France Abstract Background: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated in parallel with the motor system during cyclical and effortful imagined actions. However, it is not clear whether the ANS is activated during motor imagery of discrete movementsandwhetherthisactivationisspecifictothemovementbeingimagined.Here,weexploredthesetopicsby studyingthebaroreflexcontrolofthecardiovascularsystem. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Arterialpressureandheartratewererecordedintensubjectswhoexecutedorimagined trunkorlegmovementsagainstgravity.Trunkandlegmovementsresultindifferentphysiologicalreactions(orthostatic hypotension phenomenon) when they are executed. Interestingly, ANS activation significantly, but similarly, increased duringimaginedtrunkandlegmovements.Furthermore,wedidnotobserveanyphysiologicalmodulationduringacontrol mental-arithmetictaskorduringmotorimageryofeffortlessmovements(horizontalwristdisplacements). Conclusions/Significance: We concluded that ANS activation during motor imagery is general and not specific and physiologicallypreparestheorganismfortheupcomingeffortfulaction. Citation: DemougeotL,NormandH,DeniseP,PapaxanthisC(2009)Discrete andEffortfulImaginedMovementsDoNotSpecificallyActivatetheAutonomic NervousSystem.PLoSONE4(8):e6769.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006769 Editor:Andre′ Aleman,UniversityofGroningen,Netherlands ReceivedApril11,2009;AcceptedJuly22,2009;PublishedAugust26,2009 Copyright:?2009Demougeotetal.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativ