DNA Watermarking of Infectious Agents Progress and Prospects 英文参考文献.docVIP

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DNA Watermarking of Infectious Agents Progress and Prospects 英文参考文献.doc

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DNA Watermarking of Infectious Agents Progress and Prospects 英文参考文献

Opinion DNAWatermarkingofInfectiousAgents:Progressand Prospects DanielC.Jupiter1,ThomasA.Ficht2,JamesSamuel3,Qing-MingQin4,PauldeFigueiredo2,4* 1Department ofSurgery,ScottWhiteMemorialClinicandHospital,Temple,Texas, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2DepartmentofVeterinaryPathobiology,TexasAM University, College Station, Texas, United States of America, 3Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas AM Health Science Center College of Medicine,CollegeStation,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofPlantPathologyandMicrobiology,TexasAMUniversity,CollegeStation,Texas,UnitedStates ofAmerica Following the 2001 anthrax attacks, infectious disease research laboratories andpersonnelweresubjectedtoincreased scrutiny amid concerns that the released agent originated from within such facili- ties. Since then, enhanced regulatory controlshavebeenimplementedtothwart thepossibilityoffuturereleases.However, improvedmicrobialforensicstechnologies havenotbeenemployedtofacilitatefault attribution or to control and track agent inventories. about the possible source would become immediately available. Of course, patho- marks from microbial genomes must be assessed,andthephenotypicinvisibilityof the watermarks tested. Finally, pathogen- specificSOPsmustbedeveloped,keeping in mind the need for transparency and collaboration in research, and tested in a ‘‘role playing’’ scenario. Our initial work indicatesthatthemodelismathematically plausible. Previous work in the use of watermarks suggests that appropriately placed watermarks can be phenotypically neutral [1,3]. The technologies to intro- gen-specific standard operating proce- dures (SOPs) that ensure the integrity of thewatermarkingsystem(topreventcross- contamination, manage the sharing of strains, and prevent accidental or inten- tional misuse) would be a necessary componentofanywatermarkingstrategy. Previously developed watermarking technologies include approaches for em- beddingwatermarksinmicrobialgenomes [1–4]a