Do Antenatal Parasite Infections Devalue Childhood Vaccination 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Do Antenatal Parasite Infections Devalue Childhood Vaccination 英文参考文献.doc

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Do Antenatal Parasite Infections Devalue Childhood Vaccination 英文参考文献

Review DoAntenatalParasiteInfectionsDevalueChildhood Vaccination? A.DesireeLaBeaud1,2.*,InduMalhotra2.,MariaJ.King3,ChristopherL.King2,CharlesH.King2 1DivisionofPediatricInfectiousDiseases,UniversityHospitalsofCleveland,RainbowBabiesandChildren’sHospital,Cleveland,Ohio,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Center forGlobalHealthandDiseases,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,Ohio,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3TuftsUniversity,Medford,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesof America impactoftreatmentinanideal(study)environment,effectiveness is the measure of impact in ‘‘real-world’’ settings [6]. These Abstract:Onaglobalbasis,bothpotentvaccineefficacy and high vaccine coverage are necessary to control and eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases. Emerging evi- dence from animal and human studies suggest that neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) significantly impair preventable deaths contribute to the high infant and childhood mortalityratesexperiencedbythesecountriesand,bydefinition, highlightthelapseinvaccineeffectivenessinresource-poorareas. Vaccinesareamongthemostcost-effectivehealthinterventions responsetostandardchildhoodimmunizations.Areview available for the prevention of life-threatening and disabling ofefficacyandeffectivenessstudiesofvaccinationamong infectious diseases. Even so, the overall effectiveness of vaccine individualswithchronicparasiticinfectionswasconduct- strategies requires both adequate coverage among vulnerable ed,usingPUBMEDdatabasesearchesandanalysisofdata populations and induction of a satisfactory protective immune from the authors’ published and unpublished studies. Both animal models and human studies suggest that chronic trematode, nematode, and protozoan infections canresultindecreasedvaccineefficacy.Amongpregnant response in each susceptible individual. Although extensive resources arenowbeingcommittedtoimproveglobalchildhood vaccination coverage, in developing nations the response to women, who in developing countries are often infected with multiple parasites, s