Do Horses Have a Concept of Person 英文参考文献.docVIP

DoHorsesHaveaConceptofPerson? CarolSankey*,Se′verineHenry,NicolasAndre′,Marie-AnnickRichard-Yris,MartineHausberger Universite′ deRennes1,Laboratoired’e′thologieanimaleethumaine,UMR6552CNRS,StationBiologique,Paimpont,France Abstract Background:Animals’abilityforcross-modalrecognitionhasrecentlyreceivedmuchinterest.Captiveordomesticanimals seemabletoperceivecuesofhumanattentionandappeartohaveamultisensoryperceptionofhumans. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Here,weusedataskwherehorseshavetoremainimmobileunderavocalordertotest whether they are sensitive to the attentional state of the experimenter, but also whether they behave and respond differentlytothefamiliarorderwhentestedbyafamiliaroranunknownperson.Horses’responsevariedaccordingtothe person’sattentionalstatewhentheorderwasgivenbyanunknownperson:obediencelevelswerehigherwhentheperson givingtheorderwaslookingatthehorsethanwhenhewasnotattentive.Moreinterestingisthefindingthatwhateverthe condition,horsesmonitoredmuchmoreandforlongertimestheunknownperson,asiftheyweresurprisedtohearthe familiarordergivenbyanunknownvoice. Conclusion/Significance: These results suggest that recognition of humans may lie in a global, integrated, multisensory representation of specific individuals, that includes visual and vocal identity, but also expectations on the individual’s behaviourinafamiliarsituation. Citation: Sankey C, Henry S, Andre′ N, Richard-Yris M-A, Hausberger M (2011) Do Horses Have a Concept of Person? PLoS ONE 6(3): e18331. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0018331 Editor:GeorgesChapouthier,Universite′ PierreetMarieCurie,France ReceivedFebruary9,2011;AcceptedFebruary25,2011;PublishedMarch30,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Sankey et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisworkwassupportedbytheCOSTofthe‘‘HarasNationaux’’andtheregionBretagne.Thefun