Evidence for Habitual and Goal-Directed Behavior Following Devaluation of Cocaine A Multifaceted Interpretation of Relapse 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence for Habitual and Goal-Directed Behavior Following Devaluation of Cocaine A Multifaceted Interpretation of Relapse 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence for Habitual and Goal-Directed Behavior Following Devaluation of Cocaine A Multifaceted Interpretation of Relapse 英文参考文献

EvidenceforHabitualandGoal-DirectedBehavior FollowingDevaluationofCocaine:AMultifaceted InterpretationofRelapse DavidH.Root,AnthonyT.Fabbricatore,DavidJ.Barker,SisiMa,AnthonyP.Pawlak,MarkO.West* DepartmentofPsychology,RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswick,NewJersey,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Cocaineaddictionischaracterizedasachronicallyrelapsingdisorder.Itisbelievedthatcuespresentduring self-administrationbecomelearnedandincreasetheprobabilitythatrelapsewilloccurwhentheyareconfrontedduring abstinence. However, the way in which relapse-inducing cues are interpreted by the user has remained elusive. Recent theories of addiction posit that relapse-inducing cues cause relapse habitually or automatically, bypassing processing information related to the consequences of relapse. Alternatively, other theories hypothesize that relapse-inducing cues produce an expectation of the drug’s consequences, designated as goal-directed relapse. Discrete discriminative stimuli signalingtheavailabilityofcocaineproducerobustcue-inducedrespondingafterthirtydaysofabstinence.However,itis notknownwhethercue-inducedrespondingisagoal-directedactionorhabit. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Wetestedwhethercue-inducedrespondingisagoal-directedactionorhabitbyexplicitly pairing or unpairing cocaine with LiCl-induced sickness (n=7/group), thereby decreasing or not altering the value of cocaine,respectively. Followingthirtydaysofabstinence,nodifferenceinrespondingbetweengroupswasfoundwhen animals were reintroduced to the self-administration environment alone, indicating habitual behavior. However, upon discriminativestimuluspresentations,cocaine-sicknesspairedanimalsexhibiteddecreasedcue-inducedrespondingrelative tounpairedcontrols,indicatinggoal-directedbehavior.Inspiteofthedifferencebetweengroupsrevealedduringabstinent testing,nodifferenceswerefoundbetweengroupswhenanimalswereundertheinfluenceofcocaine. Conclusions/Significance: Unexpectedly, both habitual and goal-directed responding occurr