Evaluating the Relationship between Competition and Productivity within a Native Grassland 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evaluating the Relationship between Competition and Productivity within a Native Grassland 英文参考文献.doc

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Evaluating the Relationship between Competition and Productivity within a Native Grassland 英文参考文献

EvaluatingtheRelationshipbetweenCompetitionand ProductivitywithinaNativeGrassland JonathanA.Bennett*,JamesF.Cahill Jr. DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada Abstract Ideas about how plant competition varies with productivity are rooted in classic theories that predict either increasing (Grime) or invariant (Tilman) competition with increasing productivity. Both predictions have received experimental support, although a decade-old meta-analysis supports neither. Attempts to reconcile the conflicting predictions and evidenceinclude:expandingthetheorytoincludeotherconditions(e.g.stressgradienthypothesis),developmentofindices todifferentiateeitherthe‘intensity’or‘importance’ofcompetition,afocusonresourcesupplyanddemand,andexplicit recognition that both growth and survival may exhibit different relationships with productivity. To determine which of these theories accurately predict how competition varies with productivity within a native grassland site, we estimated competitive intensity and relative competitive importance using 22 species across the range of productivity naturally occurringwithinthatsite.Plantperformancewasmeasuredassurvivalandsizewithandwithoutneighboursandthelocal environmentwasquantifiedaccordingtovariabilityinstandingcrop,grosswatersupply,andnetwatersupply.Onaverage, neighbours weakly facilitated seedling survival, but strongly reduced seedling growth. For both seedling survival and growth,relativecompetitiveimportanceandcompetitiveintensitydeclinedwithsomemeasureofproductivity;neighbour effectsonsurvivaldeclinedwithstandingcrop,whileeffectsongrowthdeclinedwithgrosswatersupply.Theseresultsadd to the growing evidence that plant-plant interactions vary among life history components with different life history componentscontingentuponseparateenvironmentalfactors.Althoughtherangeofproductivitymeasuredinthisstudy wasnotlarge,ourresultsdonotsupportthetheoriesofGrimeorTilman.However,ourresultsareconsistentwiththeme